Dr Timothy Ballard
Research Fellow (DECRA)
School of Psychology
+61 7 334 69506
McElwain Building (24A)
Level 3, Room 331
Level 3, Room 331
Researcher biography
My research sits at the intersection of organisational and cognitive psychology. My main areas of interest are motivation, decision making, and performance. A core aim is understanding how people navigate dynamic, complex, and uncertain environments. Much of this research aims to uncover the general principles at the core of these processes. Other aspects of the research focus on practical problems such as understanding how people respond to climate change. I am also interested in research methods, in particular formal/computational modelling and Bayesian statistics. My aim is to develop and promote the methodological tools that enable people to conduct more rigorous and replicable research.
Book Chapter
Gee, Phillip, Ballard, Timothy, Yeo, Gillian and Neal, Andrew (2012). Measuring affect over time: the momentary affect scale. Experiencing and managing emotions in the workplace. (pp. 141-173) edited by Neal M. Ashkanasy, Wilfred J. Zerbe and Charmine E. J. Härtel. Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing. doi: 10.1108/S1746-9791(2012)0000008010
Journal Articles
Wilson, Michael David, Ballard, Timothy, Strickland, Luke, Amy Boeing, Alexandra, Cham, Belinda, Griffin, Mark A. and Jorritsma, Karina (2021). Understanding fatigue in a naval submarine: applying biomathematical models and workload measurement in an intensive longitudinal design. Applied Ergonomics, 94 103412, 103412. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103412
Alister, Manikya, Vickers-Jones, Raine, Sewell, David K. and Ballard, Timothy (2021). How do we choose our giants? Perceptions of replicability in psychological science. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4 (2), 251524592110181. doi: 10.1177/25152459211018199
Filmer, Hannah L., Ballard, Timothy, Sewell, David K. and Dux, Paul E. (2021). Causal evidence for dissociable roles of the prefrontal and superior medial frontal cortices in decision strategies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47 (4), 1-11. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000896
Sewell, David K., Ballard, Timothy and Steffens, Niklas K. (2021). Exemplifying “Us”: Integrating social identity theory of leadership with cognitive models of categorization. The Leadership Quarterly 101517. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101517
Palada, Hector, Searston, Rachel A., Persson, Annabel, Ballard, Timothy and Thompson, Matthew B. (2020). An evidence accumulation model of perceptual discrimination with naturalistic stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 26 (4), 671-691. doi: 10.1037/xap0000272
Wilson, Michael, Strickland, Luke and Ballard, Timothy (2020). FIPS: an R package for biomathematical modelling of human fatigue related impairment. Journal of Open Source Software, 5 (51), 2340. doi: 10.21105/joss.02340
Filmer, Hannah L., Ballard, Timothy, Ehrhardt, Shane E., Bollmann, Saskia, Shaw, Thomas B., Mattingley, Jason B. and Dux, Paul E. (2020). Dissociable effects of tDCS polarity on latent decision processes are associated with individual differences in neurochemical concentrations and cortical morphology. Neuropsychologia, 141 107433, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107433
Ballard, Timothy, Palada, Hector, Griffin, Mark and Neal, Andrew (2019). An integrated approach to testing dynamic, multilevel theory: using computational models to connect theory, model, and data. Organizational Research Methods, 24 (2), 109442811988120-284. doi: 10.1177/1094428119881209
Palada, Hector, Neal, Andrew, Strayer, David, Ballard, Timothy and Heathcote, Andrew (2019). Using response time modeling to understand the sources of dual-task interference in a dynamic environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 45 (10), 1331-1345. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000672
Sleeth-Keppler, David, Lewandowsky, Stephan, Ballard, Timothy, Myers, Teresa A., Roser-Renouf, Connie and Maibach, Edward (2019). Does 'When' really feel more certain than 'If'? Two failures to replicate Ballard and Lewandowsky (2015). Royal Society Open Science, 6 (7) 180475, 180475. doi: 10.1098/rsos.180475
Ballard, Timothy, Sewell, David K., Cosgrove, Daniel and Neal, Andrew (2019). Information processing under reward versus under punishment. Psychological Science, 30 (5), 757-764. doi: 10.1177/0956797619835462
Bon, Joshua J., Ballard, Timothy and Baffour, Bernard (2019). Polling bias and undecided voter allocations: US presidential elections, 2004–2016. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society, 182 (2), 467-493. doi: 10.1111/rssa.12414
Loft, Shayne, Jooste, Lisa, Li, Yanqi Ryan, Ballard, Timothy, Huf, Samuel, Lipp, Ottmar V. and Visser, Troy A. W. (2018). Using situation awareness and workload to predict performance in submarine track management: a multilevel approach. Human Factors, 60 (7), 001872081878480-991. doi: 10.1177/0018720818784803
Ballard, Timothy, Vancouver, Jeffrey B. and Neal, Andrew (2018). On the pursuit of multiple goals with different deadlines. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103 (11), 1242-1264. doi: 10.1037/apl0000304
Ballard, Timothy, Yeo, Gillian, B. Vancouver, Jeffrey and Neal, Andrew (2017). The dynamics of avoidance goal regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 41 (6), 698-707. doi: 10.1007/s11031-017-9640-8
Ballard, Timothy, Farrell, Simon and Neal, Andrew (2017). Quantifying the psychological value of goal achievement. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 25 (3), 1-9. doi: 10.3758/s13423-017-1329-1
Neal, Andrew, Ballard, Timothy and Vancouver, Jeffrey B. (2017). Dynamic self-regulation and multiple-goal pursuit. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4 (1), 401-423. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113156
Ballard, Timothy, Yeo, Gillian, Loft, Shayne, Vancouver, Jeffrey B. and Neal, Andrew (2016). An integrative formal model of motivation and decision making: the MGPM*. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101 (9), 1240-1265. doi: 10.1037/apl0000121
Ballard, Timothy, Yeo, Gillian, Neal, Andrew and Farrell, Simon (2016). Departures from optimality when pursuing multiple approach or avoidance goals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101 (7), 1056-1066. doi: 10.1037/apl0000082
Lewandowsky, Stephan, Ballard, Timothy, Oberauer, Klaus and Benestad, Rasmus (2016). A blind expert test of contrarian claims about climate data. Global Environmental Change, 39, 91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.04.013
Ballard, Timothy and Lewandowsky, Stephan (2015). When, not if: The inescapability of an uncertain climate future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 373 (2055) 0464, 20140464. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0464
Lewandowsky, Stephan, Ballard, Timothy and Pancost, Richard D. (2015). Uncertainty as knowledge. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 373 (2055) 0462, 20140462. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0462